构建参数和环境变量 (ARG vs ENV)

ARG 和 ENV 是经常容易被混淆的两个Dockerfile的语法，都可以用来设置一个“变量”。 但实际上两者有很多的不同。

FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-2.0.1/ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz

ENV

FROM ubuntu:20.04
ENV VERSION=2.0.1
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-${VERSION}/ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz

ARG

FROM ubuntu:20.04
ARG VERSION=2.0.1
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-${VERSION}/ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz

区别

ARG 可以在镜像build的时候动态修改value, 通过 --build-arg

$ docker image build -f .\Dockerfile-arg -t ipinfo-arg-2.0.0 --build-arg VERSION=2.0.0 .
$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY         TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
ipinfo-arg-2.0.0   latest    0d9c964947e2   6 seconds ago    124MB
$ docker container run -it ipinfo-arg-2.0.0
root@b64285579756:/#
root@b64285579756:/# ipinfo version
2.0.0
root@b64285579756:/#

ENV 设置的变量可以在Image中保持，并在容器中的环境变量里